Prolactin: What It Means for Your Health
Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, best known for its role in stimulating breast milk production after childbirth. However, it also plays roles in reproductive function, immune regulation, and metabolism. Prolactin levels are regulated by dopamine, which normally suppresses its release. Elevated prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) is one of the most common pituitary disorders.
Reference Range
Reference ranges may vary between laboratories, age groups, and sexes. The values shown are general adult reference ranges. Always compare your results to the specific range provided by your testing laboratory.
What Is Prolactin?
Prolactin is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland, best known for its role in stimulating breast milk production after childbirth. However, it also plays roles in reproductive function, immune regulation, and metabolism. Prolactin levels are regulated by dopamine, which normally suppresses its release. Elevated prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) is one of the most common pituitary disorders.
Commonly included in:
What Does High Prolactin Mean?
Elevated prolactin (hyperprolactinemia) in women causes irregular periods, infertility, milk production outside of pregnancy (galactorrhea), and decreased libido. In men, it causes erectile dysfunction, infertility, decreased libido, and rarely gynecomastia. Common causes include pituitary adenomas (prolactinomas), medications (antipsychotics, SSRIs, metoclopramide), hypothyroidism, and kidney disease.
What Does Low Prolactin Mean?
Low prolactin is uncommon and usually indicates pituitary gland damage or dysfunction (hypopituitarism). It may occur after pituitary surgery, radiation, Sheehan syndrome (postpartum pituitary necrosis), or with dopamine agonist medications. Low prolactin does not cause significant symptoms in most people.
Related Biomarkers in Hormones
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This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Reference ranges may vary between laboratories. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for interpretation of your blood test results and before making any health decisions.